Replacement rate or replacing one couple with two children is at the center of the second demographic transition theory.

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Replacement rate, or the idea that one couple should ideally produce two children to replace themselves in the population, is a key concept in the second demographic transition theory. Replacement rate, also known as "total fertility rate," refers to the number of children a woman would need to have on average for a population to replace itself from one generation to the next. The second demographic transition theory emphasizes the decline of fertility rates in modern societies, often due to individual choice and lifestyle factors, leading to a decline in the replacement rate and potential demographic challenges.

Replacement Rate or Replacing One Couple with Two Children Is