The construction of the 567-item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) took a novel approach to test construction known as

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The 567-item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was constructed using empirical keying. Empirical keying is a method of test construction where items are selected based on their ability to discriminate between different groups, rather than being chosen based on expert judgment or theoretical principles. In the case of the MMPI, items for the test were selected based on their ability to discriminate between psychiatric patients and non-patients. This approach was innovative at the time, and helped to ensure that the MMPI was a reliable and valid tool for measuring personality and psychopathology.

The Construction of the 567-Item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)