The situation where politicians make decisions that will raise their chances of reelection, even if those decisions are detrimental to the general public, is referred to as the

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The principal-agent problem occurs when one party (the principal) hires another party (the agent) to act on their behalf, but the agent may have incentives that differ from those of the principal. In this case, politicians (the agents) may prioritize actions that will help them get re-elected (their incentive) rather than actions that are best for the general public (the principal's incentive).

The Situation Where Politicians Make Decisions That Will Raise Their