What Was the Critical New Factor in the Jews' Vision

What was the critical new factor in the Jews' vision of God that had developed by the first century C.E.?

A) A link between the merciful deity and humans' ethical conduct on Earth.
B) The belief that God was all-powerful and that he controlled all human affairs.
C) A belief that God was supreme over all other deities.
D) A promise of an eternal life given by God to those whom he deemed worthy.
E) Their belief in a messiah who would remove his people from their troubled lives on Earth.