What Event Led to the Naval Wars Between China and Britain

What event led to the naval wars between China and Britain?

A) The Chinese dealt with foreign powers as inferiors.
B) The Imperial Commissioner of Trade failed to pay the tax to the British East India Company.
C) The Imperial Commissioner of Trade implemented firm restrictions on imports and rehab for addicts.
D) The Taiping movement attacked Westerners living in China.
E) The Boxer crusade to clear China of all foreigners set off panic among Westerners living in Chinese lands.