How Can the Roots of Global Inequalities Among States Be

How can the roots of global inequalities among states be traced at the systemic level of analysis?

A) by looking at domestic corruption that exacerbates poverty
B) by looking at poverty traps that are abundant in the Global South
C) by looking at the incompetence of political leaders in the Global North
D) by looking at systemic properties that favor rich countries at the expense of the poor ones