Due to the recession between 2007 and 2009, the federal and state budgets tightened, forcing reevaluation of "tough on crime policies" leading to alternative programs to reduce repeat offence. These alternatives have included

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All of these alternatives—diversionary, community-based treatment programs; educational and re-entry programs for inmates; and substance abuse and mental health treatment programs for inmates—have been pursued as part of the shift away from "tough on crime" policies towards more rehabilitative and restorative approaches in the criminal justice system, especially in the context of budget constraints during and following the 2007-2009 recession.

Due to the Recession Between 2007 and 2009, the Federal