A rape victim has to undergo a pelvic exam and semen samples have to be collected. These actions can lead to a reaction in the victim known as

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Secondary victimization refers to the victimization that occurs not as a direct result of the criminal act but through the response of institutions and individuals to the victim. In the context of a rape victim, undergoing a pelvic exam and semen collection can be re-traumatizing, as it may feel like a continuation of the violation they experienced, thus leading to secondary victimization.

A Rape Victim Has to Undergo a Pelvic Exam and Semen