Smokers Are Told on Every Pack That Cigarettes Endanger Their

Smokers are told on every pack that cigarettes endanger their lives. Some smokers actually quit, although many more convince themselves that smoking is not really dangerous by citing examples of heavy smokers who lived long lives, by spending time with other smokers, and by avoiding any information that links smoking with cancer. By doing this, the smoker is able to reduce the tension created by

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) fundamental attribution.
C) groupthink.
D) the frustration-aggression link.