In a study by Phelan and colleagues (2008), participants read about male and female candidates for a managerial position. Compared to comparable male candidates, female candidates who emphasized their independence and leadership ability were rated as

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This study found that when female candidates emphasized traits traditionally associated with masculinity, such as independence and leadership, they were perceived as more competent due to these leadership qualities. However, this emphasis also led to them being rated lower in social skills, as it conflicted with traditional gender norms that expect women to be communal and nurturing.

In a Study by Phelan and Colleagues (2008), Participants Read