Ralph has had a stressful month. His girlfriend dumped him, he failed three exams, and someone stole his car. According to Abramson et al.'s (1989) notion of hopelessness, Ralph's reactions to these events depend on his

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According to Abramson et al.'s (1989) theory of hopelessness, an individual's reactions to negative events depend on their attributions, which are their explanations for why the events occurred. This theory is part of the broader framework of learned helplessness, which focuses on how people perceive and explain adversity.

Ralph Has Had a Stressful Month