____________ refers to an informal system in which a powerful patron offers resources in return for the support of lower-status and less-powerful clients.

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Clientelism refers to a social arrangement where a person with authority (patron) offers individualized benefits or resources to people (clients) in return for their support, often in the form of votes or loyalty. This system is characterized by a direct, personal exchange of goods or services for political support.

____________ Refers to an Informal System in Which a Powerful