The "Gang of Four" refers to

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The "Gang of Four" was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials who rose to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) and were later charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The group included Jiang Qing, Mao's last wife, and three of her associates, and they were known for their radical positions and attempts to seize power following Mao's death in 1976. Their downfall marked the end of the Cultural Revolution and paved the way for the rise of moderates, including Deng Xiaoping, who shifted China towards economic reforms and opening up to the world.

The "Gang of Four" Refers to