The Courts Have Become More Powerful Because of All of the Following

The courts have become more powerful because of all of the following EXCEPT

A) the expansion of federal regulatory powers.
B) the fact that groups, as well as individuals, can challenge laws.
C) the courts gaining some enforcement abilities by maintaining longer jurisdiction over cases.
D) the courts providing a venue for groups and individuals whose interests were neglected by other democratic institutions but who could claim constitutional civil rights protection.
E) the rise of the security state following the September 11, 2001, attacks.