Which conditioning procedure has traditionally been regarded as the least effective procedure for conditioning, especially with respect to conditioning of an excitatory response?
A) Delayed conditioning
B) Trace conditioning
C) Backward conditioning
D) Parallel conditioning

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Backward conditioning, where the unconditioned stimulus (US) is presented before the conditioned stimulus (CS), is traditionally regarded as the least effective procedure for conditioning, especially for conditioning an excitatory response. This is because the CS does not predict the US in this arrangement, making it difficult for the organism to associate the two.

Which Conditioning Procedure Has Traditionally Been Regarded as the Least