The period of history in which philosophers and reformers began to challenge the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual, limits of government, and rationalism was known as the:

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The Enlightenment, occurring primarily in the 18th century, was a period where emphasis was placed on reason, individualism, and skepticism towards traditional institutions, customs, and morals. This era saw significant philosophical challenges to the existing norms of society, including those related to the justice system and the concept of imprisonment. Philosophers like John Locke and Voltaire advocated for the rights of individuals and the importance of rational governance, influencing the way people thought about punishment and reform.

The Period of History in Which Philosophers and Reformers Began