Prior to the creation of scientific polling in the 1930s, politicians relied on conversations with political observers and the content of newspapers, letters and petitions to gauge public sentiment. These were really a form of

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Before the advent of scientific polling, politicians depended on insights from political observers and various forms of communication, which represented the views of a relatively small and often more influential segment of society, thus constituting elite opinion.

Prior to the Creation of Scientific Polling in the 1930s