It is often said of substance abusers that the first step in recovery is admitting they have a problem. In Freudian terms, we might say they need to overcome

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In Freudian terms, overcoming denial is the first step in recovery for substance abusers. Denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to accept reality or facts, thus blocking external events from awareness. Admitting there is a problem requires acknowledging the truth they have been denying.

It Is Often Said of Substance Abusers That the First