What were the underlying trends in European development since 1000 C.E. that paved the way for overseas expansion? Given that these trends applied broadly to all of Europe, why did Portugal and Spain, in particular, become the initial drivers of the "maritime revolution"?

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What were the underlying trends in European development since 1000 C.E. that paved the way for overseas expansion?  Given that these trends applied broadly to all of Europe, why did Portugal and Spain, in particular, become the initial drivers of the "maritime revolution"?

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What Were the Underlying Trends in European Development Since 1000