Some Monarchs Acted as Patrons of Enlightenment Intellectuals for All

Some monarchs acted as patrons of Enlightenment intellectuals for all the following reasons except that

A) aspects of Enlightenment thought undermined traditional opponents of monarchical power such as the clergy and aristocracy.
B) many Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the role of powerful monarchs as potential agents of reform.
C) the era was characterized by an optimistic belief that reason could solve humanity's problems.
D) monarchs were often atheists, just like most Enlightenment thinkers.
E) Enlightenment ideas had the potential to improve economic performance.