In the context of the old career paradigm, the top-down firm meant:

Name: In the context of the old career paradigm, the top-down firm meant:
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In the old career paradigm, the top-down firm approach often meant that strategic decisions, including those related to competitiveness and adding value, were centralized. This responsibility was typically held by corporate experts or upper management, rather than being distributed throughout the organization or delegated to lower-level employees.

In the Context of the Old Career Paradigm, the Top-Down