The philosophes generally included all of the following except
A) the rural lower classes.
B) the urban middle classes.
C) social reformers.
D) professors.
E) journalists.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The philosophes were intellectuals who were mainly focused on advocating for the rights of the urban middle classes and promoting social reforms. They did not actively include the rural lower classes in their philosophical movement. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the rural lower classes are not included as individuals that the philosophes included in their movement.

The Philosophes Generally Included All of the Following Except