By the terms of the Treaty of Verdun, Charles the Bald and Louis the German excluded their brother Lothar from receiving any of Charlemagne's territory.

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The Treaty of Verdun, signed in 843, divided the Carolingian Empire among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, the son of Charlemagne. Lothar, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German each received a portion of the empire, with Lothar receiving the middle kingdom, which included parts of present-day Italy, Germany, and the Low Countries.

By the Terms of the Treaty of Verdun, Charles the Bald