The Federalists expected that the branches of the national government would defend their powers from each other because

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The Federalists believed in the principle of separation of powers, where each branch of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) would have distinct and separate powers. They expected that each branch would naturally defend its own powers and prerogatives against encroachments by the others, not out of virtue or wisdom, but because of an institutional incentive to protect its own authority and interests. This concept is a fundamental aspect of the checks and balances system designed to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.

The Federalists Expected That the Branches of the National Government