One longitudinal study by Gao and colleagues (2010) on antisocial personality disorder indicated that children studied at the age of three who showed ____ were more likely to have a criminal record in early adulthood.

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The study by Gao et al. (2010) found that poor fear conditioning in children as young as three years old was a predictor of antisocial behavior, including criminal activities, in early adulthood. Fear conditioning is a basic form of learning in which individuals learn to associate certain behaviors with negative consequences, and a deficiency in this process can lead to an increased risk of antisocial behavior.

One Longitudinal Study by Gao and Colleagues (2010) on Antisocial