Umayyad Spain Developed a Distinctive Islamic Culture Because of the

Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the

A) growing influence of Russian and Frankish traditions in Spain.
B) decrease in Arab power combined with a growing Christian influence.
C) Viking invasions of the ninth century.
D) blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions.
E) blending of Islam with Roman traditions and Visigoth culture.