In exercising judicial review, when reviewing factual determinations, the court uses one of three different standards: arbitrary and capricious, substantial evidence, or unwarranted by the facts.

Question

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In judicial review, especially in administrative law, courts use different standards to review factual determinations made by agencies or lower courts. These standards include the arbitrary and capricious test, the substantial evidence test, and the "unwarranted by the facts" standard, each applying in different contexts to assess the reasonableness or adequacy of the factual basis for the decision under review.

In Exercising Judicial Review, When Reviewing Factual Determinations, the Court