Nepotism and Word of Mouth Hiring

Nepotism and word of mouth hiring:

A) are specifically prohibited by Title VII because of their potential to produce discriminatory effects
B) are not optimal recruiting procedures, but they raise no significant legal issues
C) tend to produce discriminatory effects, depending on how racially homogeneous an employer's existing workforce is
D) have been subjected to numerous legal challenges, but have been consistently upheld under Title VII