What Two Changes Seem to Underlie the Phenomenon of the Rise

What two changes seem to underlie the phenomenon of the rise of heretical movements during the Later Middle Ages?

A) a desire by the clergy to gain the wealth of lay people and of lay people to gain the wealth of the church
B) the militarization of European society and its increasing wealth and prosperity
C) the rise of many charismatic kooks and charlatans and a church that was intolerant of them
D) imperfections in lay religion detected by a legalistic clergy and lay people's increased demands on the clergy