European society on the eve of colonization

Question

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European society on the eve of colonization was characterized by extreme hierarchy and inequality, with social status largely determined by birth and wealth. There were strict class lines, with the aristocracy and the clergy at the top, followed by the merchant and professional classes, and then the peasantry and lower classes. Personal independence was limited, especially for women and those in lower social classes. Freedom of expression and gender equality were not prioritized.

European Society on the Eve of Colonization