The catastrophic decline in the native populations of Spanish America was mostly due to the fact that they were not immune to European diseases.

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The native populations of Spanish America had no previous exposure to European diseases, which made them highly vulnerable to the illnesses brought over by the Europeans. As a result, many died from diseases like smallpox, influenza, and measles, causing a catastrophic decline in their population.

The Catastrophic Decline in the Native Populations of Spanish America