Studies Indicate That in Utero Nicotine Exposure Can Cause Breathing

Studies indicate that in utero nicotine exposure can cause breathing abnormalities in neonatal mammals, including ____.

A) elevated breathing rate while awake
B) increased frequency of apneas during sleep
C) delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia
D) elevated breathing rate while awake and increased frequency of apneas during sleep
E) increased frequency of apneas during sleep and delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia