Freshwater Fishes Deal with the Osmotic Stress of Living in Hypoosmotic

Freshwater fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in hypoosmotic conditions in part by ____.

A) active transport of ions into the body through the gills
B) excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea
C) active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells
D) excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads
E) maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids