To Circumvent the Right to Vote Given to African Americans

To circumvent the right to vote given to African Americans under the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) , southern states employed various tactics including the white primary, poll taxes, and literacy tests. In Smith v. Allwright (1944) , the Supreme Court held that

A) primaries based on race were illegal.
B) poll taxes and literacy tests were unconstitutional.
C) primaries were a matter for party control and could not be regulated by government.
D) poll watchers and registrars must be dispatched by the U.S. Justice Department to nine southern states and parts of seven others.