Human and chimpanzee genomes share 96% DNA sequence identity. What most likely causes humans to be phenotypically distinct from chimpanzees?
A) the presence of many new genes unique to humans
B) a much larger human genome compared to the chimpanzee genome
C) the loss of higher functioning genes in chimpanzees
D) dramatic changes in chromosome structure and organization in humans
E) subtle mutations in protein coding sequences and changes in regulatory units of human genes

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The phenotypic differences between humans and chimpanzees are largely attributed to subtle mutations in protein-coding sequences and changes in the regulatory units of genes, rather than the presence of entirely new genes, significant changes in genome size, the loss of genes in chimpanzees, or dramatic alterations in chromosome structure. These small genetic variations can have significant impacts on gene expression and function, leading to the distinct characteristics observed between the two species.

Human and Chimpanzee Genomes Share 96% DNA Sequence Identity