Question 1

Match between columns
                        Premises: The major component of the secondary immune response
The most abundant in blood
Crosses the placenta
The first to be produced in response to an antigenic stimulus
Serves as a B-cell receptor but is not the first antibody produced during an immune response
Found mainly in secretions
Plays major role in the allergic response
Transferred from mother to baby through breast milk
Secreted by plasma cells of the skin and tissues lining the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

Accepted Answer

The Answer of IgA and IgM and IgE and IgG is...

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: NK cell
monocyte
dendritic cell
CD8+ cell
eosinophil
plasma cell
hybridoma
CD4+ cell
neutrophil
mast cell

Accepted Answer

The Answer of induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells and differentiates is...

Question 3

The gut microbiome influences host immunity.

Accepted Answer

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the development and function of the host immune system, influencing its response to pathogens and maintaining immune homeostasis.

Question 4

The ____ is largely protected from pathogens because it is acidic.

Accepted Answer

The vagina is largely protected from pathogens due to its acidic environment, which is maintained by the presence of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus.

Question 5

Asthma is an inflammatory response mediated by ____ antibodies.

Accepted Answer

Asthma is primarily associated with an inflammatory response that is mediated by IgE antibodies. These antibodies play a key role in allergic reactions, which are a common trigger for asthma attacks.

Question 6

Which autoimmune disease is correctly matched with the tissue it affects?

Accepted Answer

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body, including the blood. It can cause inflammation and damage to blood cells, vessels, and the heart.

Question 7

In the respiratory tract, ciliated cells constantly sweep mucus that contains trapped foreign matter.

Accepted Answer

Ciliated cells in the respiratory tract have hair-like structures (cilia) that beat in a coordinated manner to move mucus, which traps dust, microbes, and other foreign particles, upwards towards the throat where it can be swallowed or expelled.

Question 8

According to a 2003 study performed by Michelle Khan and her coworkers, the rate of cervical cancer appears to be the greatest when women are ____.

Accepted Answer

HPV16 is one of the most oncogenic (cancer-causing) types of HPV, and its presence is strongly associated with a higher risk of developing cervical cancer.

Question 9

Which defense mechanism(s) is/are found in invertebrates?

Accepted Answer

Invertebrates rely on innate immune responses, including phagocytes, which engulf and destroy pathogens, and lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls. They do not produce antibodies, which are part of the adaptive immune system found in vertebrates.

Question 10

B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

Accepted Answer

B cells, upon activation by antigen exposure, differentiate into plasma cells that are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies specific to that antigen.

Question 11

Moths have an immunoglobulin-family protein called ____, which binds to pathogens and enhances their phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Hemolin is the correct answer because it is an immunoglobulin-family protein found in moths that binds to pathogens, enhancing their phagocytosis.

Question 12

Arrange the steps of an allergic response in the proper order. 1. Allergic symptoms appear.
2) Allergen binds with IgE.
3) IgE combines with mast cell receptors.
4) Mast cells release histamine.
5) Plasma cells sensitized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arrange the steps of an allergic response...

Question 13

Anaphylactic shock can be controlled by an immediate injection of histamine.

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactic shock is treated with an immediate injection of epinephrine (adrenaline), not histamine. Histamine is actually one of the substances released by the body that contributes to the allergic reaction.

Question 14

Anaphylactic shock ____.

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactic shock is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly. It is characterized by a systemic, severe inflammatory response, often triggered by allergens, leading to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. It does not involve IgG antibodies (as stated in A) but is associated with IgE antibodies. It typically does not occur the first time an individual is exposed to an allergen (B) because the immune system needs to be sensitized to the allergen first. It involves the release of histamine (not antihistamine as stated in C) from mast cells. Anaphylactic shock is not a result of HIV infection (D).

Question 15

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your brother. What is the most likely reason for this happening?

Accepted Answer

The most likely reason for catching a cold again is that the two cold viruses are different. The common cold can be caused by many different types of viruses, and getting infected with one type does not provide immunity against the others.

Question 16

All invertebrates have phagocytic cells, but lack antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All invertebrates have phagocytic cells, but lack...

Question 17

Upon antigenic stimulation, CD8+ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Upon antigenic stimulation, CD8+ T cells differentiate...

Question 18

Invertebrates have an adaptive immune and an innate immune system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Invertebrates have an adaptive immune and an...

Question 19

Discuss the phenomena of immunological tolerance and autoimmune disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the phenomena of immunological tolerance and...

Question 20

Allergens induce ____ cells to secrete an overabundance of ____ antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Allergens induce ____ cells to secrete an...

Quiz 45: Defenses Against Disease

Choose the class of immunoglobulin that corresponds to each of the characteristics listed below. Some answers may be used more than once.

Match each cell with its correct description.