According to focal concern theory, which of the following is not identified as a lower-class focal concern?
A) smartness
B) trouble
C) excitement
D) achievement

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Focal concern theory, particularly associated with the work of Walter Miller (1958), identifies six focal concerns or value systems that are said to be prevalent in lower-class cultures: trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, fate, and autonomy. Achievement, as mentioned in option D, is not listed among these focal concerns. Instead, achievement is often emphasized more in middle-class or upper-class value systems, where there is a greater focus on long-term goals and success in conventional terms, such as educational attainment and career advancement.

According to Focal Concern Theory, Which of the Following Is