The Homestead Act was passed in 1862. However, only about 20 percent of newly-added farm land between 1870 and 1900 belonged to homesteads because

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The Homestead Act provided 160-acre plots which were often too small for profitable livestock grazing, a common agricultural practice in the vast, open lands of the American West. This limitation made other forms of land acquisition more appealing for large-scale ranching and farming.

The Homestead Act Was Passed in 1862