A participant in an experiment is told that a particular pill should improve her performance on a cognitive task. The participant is then given the pill, and she performs better than usual on the task. In actuality, the pill did not contain any ingredients that would affect her performance on the task. The participant's improved performance was most likely due to

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The placebo effect occurs when a participant experiences a perceived improvement in performance or symptoms due to their belief in the efficacy of a treatment, even though the treatment has no therapeutic effect.

A Participant in an Experiment Is Told That a Particular