Before They Take a Test, Nick and Gavin Are Told

Before they take a test, Nick and Gavin are told by their instructor, "You are not allowed to use your books or notes, and looking at another person's exam is prohibited." When Gus asks what the instructor said, Shawn answers, "He told us not to cheat." Shawn's memory of what the instructor said has been encoded

A) acoustically.
B) procedurally.
C) semantically.
D) visually.