The degree to which the findings from a laboratory study are due to the manipulation of the independent variable reflects the study's:

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Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study is able to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, and rule out alternative explanations. The degree to which the findings are due to the manipulation of the independent variable is a reflection of the study's internal validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of results over time, and is not directly related to the manipulation of the independent variable. Ecological validity refers to the extent to which findings can be generalized to real-world situations, and external validity refers to the extent to which findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times. While these are important aspects of research design, they do not directly relate to the manipulation of the independent variable.

The Degree to Which the Findings from a Laboratory Study