Title VII prohibits policies or practices that are intended to discriminate but, in fact, has a disproportionately negative effect on minorities, which is also known as:

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Disparate impact refers to a policy or practice that is neutral on its face but has a disproportionate impact on a protected group, such as minorities or women. While not necessarily intended to discriminate, it still violates Title VII's prohibition on discrimination. Disparate treatment, on the other hand, refers to intentional discrimination. Reverse discrimination is a controversial term that refers to discrimination against members of a non-protected group, often in an effort to promote diversity or affirmative action. Preemption treatment is not a recognized term in employment discrimination law.

Title VII Prohibits Policies or Practices That Are Intended to Discriminate