Question 1

Of all the roles proteins play in the body, which one has the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of all the roles proteins play in...

Question 2

Tim is a 24-year-old college student who learns that he is allergic to shrimp. What advice would you give Tim?

Accepted Answer

The only way to prevent an allergic reaction to shrimp is to completely avoid it. It is important for Tim to read food labels carefully and ask about ingredients when eating out to make sure that the food does not contain shrimp. Tim should also carry an epinephrine auto-injector with him in case of accidental exposure.

Question 3

Jennifer is following an 1,800-calorie weight loss plan where 30% of her daily calories are supposed to come from protein. How many grams of protein should Jennifer try to eat each day?

Accepted Answer

Jennifer should aim for 135g of protein each day. This is because 30% of her 1,800-calorie diet equals 540 calories from protein (1,800 x 0.30), and since each gram of protein provides 4 calories, dividing 540 calories by 4 gives 135 grams of protein.

Question 4

Vegans need to take care to get enough dietary ______ since binders in plant foods may reduce the availability of the nutrient to the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vegans need to take care to get...

Question 5

Your friend LaTonya says she wants to make sure she's getting enough protein without getting too much. What advice would you give her?

Accepted Answer

Plant-based foods such as legumes, vegetables, and whole grains are great sources of protein without the added saturated fat and cholesterol found in animal-based foods. It's important to have a balanced diet with a mix of protein sources, but focusing on plant-based protein can be a healthy choice.

Question 6

Legumes are rich in B vitamins and ____.

Accepted Answer

Legumes are rich in fiber, which is a type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested by the human body. Fiber is important for maintaining a healthy digestive system and can help to lower cholesterol levels.

Question 7

The mineral ______ is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet.

Accepted Answer

Calcium is primarily obtained from dairy products, which are not consumed in a vegan diet. While some plant-based options such as leafy greens and fortified soy products can provide calcium, it may be more difficult for vegans to consume adequate amounts of this mineral.

Question 8

Matt is at his ideal weight of 190 pounds. How much protein would you recommend he consume daily?

Accepted Answer

According to the American Dietetic Association, the recommended daily amount of protein for an adult male at a sedentary level is 0.36 grams per pound. Therefore, Matt should consume 69 grams of protein daily (0.36 x 190 = 68.4).

Question 9

If amino acids are oversupplied, their amine group is excreted and the fragments that remain are converted to ____.

Accepted Answer

When amino acids are in excess, their amine groups are removed and the remaining carbon skeletons can be converted into glucose, glycogen, or fat, depending on the body's needs. This process allows the body to store or use the energy from excess amino acids.

Question 10

________ is the vitamin that is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products, so vegans may be at risk for deficiency if they do not supplement or consume fortified foods.

Question 11

Brian eats 210 g of protein and 2,500 calories. Is he within the AMDR recommendation for protein intake?

Accepted Answer

Protein provides 4 calories per gram. Brian consumes 210 g of protein, equating to 840 calories from protein (210g * 4cal/g). To find the percentage of his total caloric intake that comes from protein, divide the calories from protein by the total calories and multiply by 100: (840cal / 2500cal) * 100 = 33.6%. This percentage falls within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein, which is 10% to 35% of total calories.

Question 12

When protein reaches the ____, it is made up largely of di- and tripeptides.

Accepted Answer

When protein reaches the small intestine, it is primarily broken down into di- and tripeptides by enzymes. This is part of the digestion process where proteins are further broken down for absorption.

Question 13

What would be the best way for Denarius to modify his prize-winning chili recipe to make its protein content more healthful?

Accepted Answer

Reducing the amount of ground beef and adding more kidney beans and celery will increase the fiber content and decrease the saturated fat content, making the chili more healthful.

Question 14

The average American's protein intake features ____.

Accepted Answer

The average American diet is characterized by an excess intake of animal proteins, which are high in essential amino acids but can also contribute to a higher intake of saturated fats and cholesterol.

Question 15

The main difference between a food intolerance and a food allergy is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A food intolerance is a non-immune response and does not involve the immune system, while a food allergy is an immune system response to a particular food antigen.

Question 16

The recommendations for protein are based on the assumption that the consumed protein will come from ____.

Accepted Answer

The recommended protein intake is based on the assumption that protein will come from both plant and animal sources. This is because animal sources are typically high in complete proteins, containing all of the essential amino acids that the body needs, while plant sources may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. By combining both sources, individuals can ensure that they are getting all of the necessary amino acids for optimal health.

Question 17

A food contains 21 grams of protein, 12 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of total fat. What is the percentage of calories from protein in this food?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A food contains 21 grams of protein,...

Question 18

What is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for a vegan?

Accepted Answer

Fortified soy milk is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for vegans as it is commonly fortified with this vitamin. Seaweed, fermented soy, firm-style tofu, and fortified margarine may contain some vitamin B12, but it may be in an inactive form that the body cannot absorb efficiently, making it an unreliable source. As vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products, a vegan diet may not provide enough of this vitamin without fortified foods or supplements.

Question 19

From which of the following would you expect the amino acids in the protein to be most easily absorbed by the body?

Accepted Answer

Animal proteins, such as those found in chicken, are typically more easily absorbed by the body than plant-based proteins. This is because animal proteins contain a higher concentration of all essential amino acids needed for protein synthesis in the body.

Question 20

Which type of vegetarian would drink a glass of milk but not eat scrambled eggs?

Accepted Answer

Lacto-vegetarians consume dairy products but avoid eggs. As such, they would drink a glass of milk but not eat scrambled eggs.

Quiz 6: The Proteins and Amino Acidsspotlight: Vegetarian Eating Patterns