In an experiment some participants are asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay, but others are forced to write the essay. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following results should be expected?

Question

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According to cognitive dissonance theory, when participants freely choose to write a counter-attitudinal essay and are paid very little, they experience dissonance and are more likely to change their attitudes to align with their behavior. If they are paid a large sum, the payment serves as sufficient justification, reducing dissonance and the need for attitude change.

In an Experiment Some Participants Are Asked to Write a Counter-Attitudinal