John, George, Paul, and Richard are air traffic controllers.They encounter a stressful, anxious situation in which two planes might soon collide.Which of the following conditions would most encourage this group of air traffic controllers to display groupthink when pondering their next step?

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Groupthink is more likely to occur when a group is highly cohesive and values group harmony over critical thinking and individual opinions. In this situation, the air traffic controllers are faced with a potentially life-threatening situation, and their desire to maintain group harmony and cohesion could lead them to make a poor decision. The other options do not necessarily encourage groupthink. A majority or unanimous decision could be reached through healthy debate, systematic procedures can help prevent groupthink, and the lack of a clear supervisor can actually encourage individual contributions and perspectives.

John, George, Paul, and Richard Are Air Traffic Controllers