Define the following terms: "military revolution"

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The Answer is The term "military revolution" refers to a radical change in military strategy, tactics, technology, and organization, which together result in a significant shift in the conduct of warfare. This concept is often used by historians and military theorists to describe periods in history where innovations in these areas have led to profound changes in the nature of armies, navies, and the way wars are fought.

The most commonly cited example of a military revolution is the one that occurred in Europe between the 16th and 17th centuries. This period saw the introduction of gunpowder weapons, such as the arquebus and cannon, which revolutionized siege warfare and battlefield tactics. Armies became more professional and disciplined, with the development of standing armies replacing the feudal levies that had previously been the norm. The new technologies and tactics required more complex logistics and administration, leading to the growth of the modern bureaucratic state to support these needs.

The concept of a military revolution was popularized by historian Michael Roberts in the 1950s, who argued that the changes in European warfare from 1560 to 1660 were so profound that they constituted a revolution in military affairs. This idea was further developed by other historians, such as Geoffrey Parker, who expanded the concept to include the global implications of European military developments.

Military revolutions are not confined to a single period or place. Other examples include the Napoleonic Wars, which saw the introduction of mass conscription and the concept of total war; the Industrial Revolution, which brought about technological advancements like the railroad and telegraph, changing the logistics of war; and the 20th century, which witnessed the development of nuclear weapons, mechanized warfare, and advanced communications and intelligence systems.

In summary, a military revolution is a fundamental and transformative change in the way wars are conducted, often driven by technological innovation, changes in military organization and doctrine, and the evolving nature of the state and society. These revolutions have had lasting impacts on the balance of power, the conduct of international relations, and the structure of militaries around the world.

Define the Following Terms: "Military Revolution