The cold water observed along the northern California coast in summer is due primarily to ____.

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The cold water observed along the northern California coast in summer is due primarily to upwelling, which is the process by which cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean depths rises to the surface, replacing warmer surface water. This occurs due to winds blowing parallel to the coast pushing surface water away from the shore, allowing cold water to rise up and take its place. This nutrient-rich water supports the growth of phytoplankton, which in turn supports the diverse marine ecosystems along the coast.

The Cold Water Observed Along the Northern California Coast in Summer