As an alternative to the fading appeal of Marxism, to hold China together in the uncertain times of the early twenty-first century, the Communist leadership has encouraged which of the following?

Question

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Nationalism and patriotism have been encouraged by the Communist leadership as a way to unite China and promote loyalty to the state. This is seen in campaigns such as the "Chinese Dream" and the promotion of "core socialist values." While materialism and making money have been promoted as part of China's economic development, they are not seen as a unifying ideology in the same way that nationalism and patriotism are. While Buddhism has experienced a revival in China, it has not been promoted by the Communist leadership as an alternative to Marxism or as a unifying ideology.

As an Alternative to the Fading Appeal of Marxism, to Hold