The concentration of ores by flotation takes advantage of differences in:

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The concentration of ores by flotation takes advantage of differences in the densities of the components. The ore is crushed and mixed with water and a surfactant. The surfactant causes the valuable minerals to become hydrophobic, while the gangue minerals remain hydrophilic. The mixture is then agitated, which causes the hydrophobic minerals to float to the surface, where they can be skimmed off.

The Concentration of Ores by Flotation Takes Advantage of Differences