To protect their interests against nobles, townspeople often formed what kind of groups?

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Townspeople often formed communes to protect their interests against nobles. Communes were essentially self-governing communities that operated independently from feudal lords or monarchies. They allowed town members to elect their own leaders, establish their own laws, and control their own economic activities. Militias were also sometimes formed for protection, but they were not specific to townspeople and could be formed by nobles as well. Chambers of commerce did not exist during the medieval period.

To Protect Their Interests Against Nobles, Townspeople Often Formed What